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What is it?

Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects how individuals communicate and relate to others, as well as how they perceive and experience the world.

 

Some common characteristics are:

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Social Communication:

Autistic individuals may have difficulties with various forms of communication, including verbal and non-verbal interaction, and maintaining relationships. They may struggle with understanding others' intentions and emotions, reading social cues, interpreting body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice. Language can be taken very literally, making it hard to understand when others use sarcasm, irony, or jokes. Non-autistic, or neurotypical, individuals may find it challenging to communicate with an autistic person. They may not be able to understand their humour, read their body language or interact in a way which is meaningful to the autistic person.

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Repetitive Behaviours, Restricted Interests and Sensory Differences:

Autistic individuals often find comfort in routines and repetition. Having to face the unknown and deal with a situation which they have not encountered before or which will vary, even slightly, from previous experiences can be very stressful for an autistic person. Therefore sameness and familiarity is very reassuring. It is common for autistic people to have specific routines; to use speech, movements and objects repetitively. Autistic individuals are also likely to have specific, intense interests which they can have an incredible passion and concentration for.

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Sensory processing can also be affected, with individuals experiencing hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to sensory input. This can lead to an array of difficulties such as discomfort or pain from certain noises, smells, or textures, difficulties with certain foods, and feelings of being off balance or overwhelmed, often resulting in sensory overload.

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Every Person is Unique:

Autism is a spectrum condition, meaning it affects each person differently. Factors influencing the presentation of autism include:

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• Learning ability

• Language skills

• Past experiences

• Personal qualities

• Health factors

• Mental health issues

• Additional conditions
   

The level of support needed varies; not all autistic people will have care and support needs, or need to live in a supported environment. However, nearly all will need specialist help or input at some point during their life. With the right support all individuals can enjoy meaningful and inclusive lives.

 

Prevalence:

In the UK, around 700,000 people are on the autism spectrum, more than 1 in 100. Including their families, autism impacts the daily lives of approximately 2.8 million people (National Autistic Society).

 

Diagnosis:

Accurate, early diagnosis is beneficial for understanding and providing the right educational, therapeutic, and support services. Diagnosing autism can be complex and may be confused with other conditions like Dyspraxia, Dyslexia, Social Communication Disorder, and Attention Deficit Conditions, particularly in young children. It is important to seek an assessment from professionals experienced in autism.

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For more information on diagnosis, speak to your GP or contact our Family Support Officers:

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For children - wendy@kentautistic.com

For adults - emilymay@kentautistic.com

 

Causes:

Autism is a lifelong condition and cannot be “treated” or “cured” and the idea of this is offensive to many, for whom being autistic is an integral part of their identity. Research suggests autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that affect brain and central nervous system development.

 

Related Conditions:

It is not uncommon for autistic individuals to have co-occurring conditions, such as:
 

• Learning disabilities

• Epilepsy

• ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

• Hearing or visual impairments

• Physical disabilities

• Genetic conditions (e.g., Down’s Syndrome)

• Gastrointestinal issues

• Dyslexia

• Dyspraxia

• Mental health issues

• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
   

These related conditions can influence and be influenced by autism, adding complexity to the individual's experience.

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Neurodiversity:

 

Neurodiversity is a concept that recognises and respects the natural variations in human brain function and behaviour. This perspective acknowledges that neurological differences, such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and others, are part of the normal spectrum of human diversity rather than disorders to be cured. Embracing neurodiversity means valuing the unique strengths and perspectives that neurodivergent individuals bring to society. It promotes acceptance, encouraging us to create environments where everyone can thrive and contribute fully.

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Reasonable Adjustments:

These are modifications or accommodations made to ensure autistic individuals can access and benefit from the same activities and environments that non-autistic people can. These adjustments can vary based on individual needs but may include:
 

• Providing clear instructions.

• Providing photos of unfamiliar people or places.

• Having a familiar, named professional e.g. for medical appointments.

• Allowing extra time for tasks or breaks during activities.

• Creating structured routines and predictable schedules.

• Modifying sensory environments, such as reducing noise or providing sensory-friendly spaces.

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Promoting Autism-Friendly Environments:

This involves creating spaces that are inclusive and supportive of autistic individuals. This should be in place in schools, workplaces and community services. Key strategies include:

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• Educating staff and peers about autism to foster understanding and empathy.

• Respecting any reasonable adjustment requests and the message of Sunflower lanyards.

• Designing physical spaces with consideration for sensory sensitivities, such as using soft lighting and minimising loud noises.

• Encouraging social interaction in ways that are comfortable for autistic individuals, such as providing quiet areas for breaks.

• Offering alternative communication methods. These could be visual aids or written instructions such as guides at events or attractions, maps or photos of food on a menu.

• Implementing flexible policies that allow for personalised approaches to learning, working, and participating in community activities.
   

By implementing reasonable adjustments and fostering autism-friendly environments, we can ensure that autistic individuals receive the inclusion and respect they deserve.

 

Useful links

Further information can be accessed from the following websites:

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National Autistic Society

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TED talks - Autism - What We Know (& what we don't know yet)

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Research Autism

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Autistica

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NHS

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Autism Alliance

 

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